Friday, January 17, 2014

Most Clutch: 2013-14 (so far)

If I'm going to measure who has been the least clutch it makes sense to look at who has been the most clutch this season. (Aside: In light of the growing obsession with statistics, there has been thoughtful, recent discussion about the inaccuracy of assigning "clutch" as a quality to players. As far as we know, there isn't a clutch gene, thus some humans are not more inherently clutch than others. Despite this, some people and NBA players moderate stress--i.e., critical moments in games--better than others. And, while no compilation of basketball statistics will perfectly define a psychological state, we can look at a set of statistics and say that given the circumstances, like a close score and few minutes left on the game clock, some players are associated with better performance than others. Of course, if an exceptional player, like LeBron, shows up as "clutch", it just means that LeBron is exceptional regardless of the score or game clock.)

To measure clutch I pulled 2013-14 per game data (as of last night's games) from NBA Stats on 'clutch play', which I defined as consisting of a player's team being ahead or behind two points or fewer in the last two minutes of a game. To narrow the 338 players that met these two criteria, I focused on only those players that had had played at least five games in such situations. Further, I eliminated players that played at least five games but averaged fewer than one minute per game. That narrowed the sample of players to 166.

I measured "clutch" based on three factors: effective field goal % (eFG%), win percentage (Win %; % of qualifying games that resulted in a win for the player's team), and net rating (NetRtg). Net rating is the difference between offensive rating (points scored for a team/ 100 possessions while the player is on the floor) and defensive rating (points allowed by a team/ 100 possessions while the player is on the floor). A positive net rating indicates that the player's team scored more points than they gave up while he was on the floor (so, like a positive plus-minus). The 15 best players as measured exclusively by eFG% (or all players with an eFG% of one or greater) were:

Player
eFG%
Courtney Lee (MEM) 1.50
Ray Allen (MIA) 1.25
Patrick Patterson (TOR) 1.25
Robin Lopez (POR) 1.00
Dwyane Wade (MIA) 1.00
Norris Cole (MIA) 1.00
Draymond Green (GSW) 1.00
Jason Thompson (SAC) 1.00
Ryan Anderson (NOP) 1.00
Marcin Gortat (WAS) 1.00
PJ Tucker (PHX) 1.00
Dwight Howard (HOU) 1.00
Miles Plumlee (PHX) 1.00
Jonas Valanciunas (TOR) 1.00
Michael Kidd-Gilchrist (CHA) 1.00

The 11 best players as measured exclusively by Win % were (the fact that 8 of the 11 players were from the Spurs or 76ers indicates that those two teams have fared well when the score was close and there was less than two minutes in the game):

Player Win%
Marvin Williams (UTA) 100.0%
Marc Gasol (MEM) 100.0%
Kawhi Leonard (SAS) 88.9%
Michael Carter-Williams (PHI) 87.5%
Kenneth Faried (DEN) 83.3%
Evan Turner (PHI) 80.0%
James Anderson (PHI) 80.0%
Spencer Hawes (PHI) 80.0%
Manu Ginobili (SAS) 80.0%
Thaddeus Young (PHI) 77.8%
Tony Parker (SAS) 77.8%

The ten best players as measured exclusively by NetRtg were:

Player
NetRtg
Wesley Johnson (LAL) 100.3
Marc Gasol (MEM) 76
Pau Gasol (LAL) 75.8
Dwyane Wade (MIA) 59.3
Norris Cole (MIA) 54.9
Kenneth Faried (DEN) 53.5
Tyreke Evans (NOP) 52.7
Robin Lopez (POR) 49.8
Steve Blake (LAL) 48.2
Marvin Williams (UTA) 46.5

And the ten worst were (the fact that 8 of the 10 players were from the Timberwolves or Bucks indicates that those two teams have fared poorly when the score was close and there was less than two minutes in the game):

Player
NetRtg
Nikola Pekovic (MIN) -110.4
Corey Brewer (MIN) -107.2
Kevin Love (MIN) -106.9
Ricky Rubio (MIN) -102.1
Kevin Martin (MIN) -94.1
Glen Davis (ORL) -61.5
O.J. Mayo (MIL) -56
Brandon Knight (MIL) -47
Taj Gibson (CHI) -45.7
Ersan Ilyasova (MIL) -43.7

Next I standardized each category to select the 40 players that performed best across all three measures of "clutch" play. To illustrate the results, I created the chart below, which captures Win % on the X-axis, NetRtg on the Y-axis and eFG % is measured by the size of the circle next to the player's name. Of this subset of "clutch" players, the most clutch have larger circles next to their name (no circle indicates an eFG% of 0%), and are located in the top right of the box, which indicates that they win a greater percentage of qualifying games, and are on the court when their teams scores more points per 100 possessions than they give up. 

Based on NetRtg, Wes Johnson and the Gasol brothers stick out as exceptionally effective. With respect to Win %, after Marc Gasol and Marvin Williams, who have won all games based on the defined scenarios, Kawhi Leonard, Michael Carter-Williams, and Kenneth Faried appear to have anomalously high percentages. In terms of eFG%, Dwayne Wade, Robin Lopez, Jason Thompson, Ray Allen and Draymond Green are all exceptional. Taken together it is fair to say that through almost half of the 2013-14 season based on NetRtg, eFG% and Win % in the final two minutes of a game when a player's team is above or behind by two points or fewer, Marc Gasol, Marvin Williams, Dwayne Wade and Robin Lopez are among the most "clutch" players in the NBA.


Friday, January 3, 2014

Least Clutch: 2013-14

Anyone who watches the Wizards or any average to marginally better than average team recognizes that the difference between a 10, 15 and 20 win team right now is largely determined by play in the second half of the fourth quarter. From competitive high school basketball up to the NBA winners know how to close games out and losers tend to collapse in the closing minutes. Average teams waver between those two poles. To get a better understanding of players that might adversely affect their teams in these clutch scenarios, I attempted to identify the least clutch players this season.

I pulled 2013-14 per game data (as of last night's games) from NBA Stats on 'clutch play', which I defined as consisting of a player's team being behind four points or fewer up to being tied in the last four minutes of a game. (More succinctly--trailing closely in the final few minutes.) A total of 336 players met these first two criteria.

I wanted to winnow the group further to focus only on players that have received somewhat significant time in these circumstances so I eliminated players with fewer than five games played (126 players). From this group I eliminated players if they had averaged fewer than one minute per game (16 players). This left me with 194 players.

I measured individual clutch player based on three factors: effective field goal % (eFG%), turnover ratio (TO ratio; # of TOs/ 100 possessions), and defensive rating (DefRtg; points/ 100 possessions while the player is on the floor). Based on these three metrics a "clutch" player should have a high eFG% and low TO ratio and DefRtg. To further reduce the group of 194 players I first eliminated those with an eFG% greater than 50%. This eliminated 59 players. Those with the best eFG% that met the previous criteria are identified below:

Player
eFG%
Gerald Wallace (BOS) 125.0%
Manu Ginobili (SAS) 125.0%
Spencer Hawes (PHI) 121.4%
Iman Shumpert (NYK) 116.7%
Shawn Marion (DAL) 110.0%
Chris Bosh (MIA) 105.6%
Jordan Hill (LAL) 100%
Robin Lopez (POR) 100%
Miles Plumlee (PHX) 100%
Derrick Favors (UTA) 100%
Dwight Howard (HOU) 100%
Ekpe Udoh (MIL) 100%
Norris Cole (MIA) 100%
Andre Drummond (DET) 100%
Trevor Booker (WAS) 100%

Of the remaining 135 players I focused next on TO ratio and I eliminated those with a TO ratio less than 10. This eliminated 83 players, 60 of whom had a 0 TO ratio. Finally, of the last 52 players I focused on DefRtg and removed those with a rating below 100. This included 23 players. The ten players with the lowest DefRtg that met all previous criteria are identified below:

Player
DefRtg
Jimmy Butler (CHI) 71.4
Jarrett Jack (CLE) 71.9
Tristan Thompson (CLE) 72.3
Trevor Ariza (WAS) 72.5
DeJuan Blair (DAL) 73
Marcin Gortat (WAS) 73.8
Courtney Lee (BOS) 75.2
Carlos Boozer (CHI) 76.1
Luol Deng (CHI) 79.6
John Wall (WAS) 80.3
The chart below captures TO ratio on the Y-axis, DefRtg on the X-axis and eFG% is measured by the size of the circle next to the player's name. Of this subset of relatively unclutch players, the most clutch of the unclutch (i.e., the better players) would have larger yellow circles next to their name (no circle indicates an eFG% of 0%), and be at the bottom left of the box, which indicates that they turn the ball over infrequently, and allow relatively fewer points per 100 possessions. 

The chart shows that most in this subcategory of unclutch players are lumped largely in the same area with a few exceptions. Tyreke Evans is noteworthy for his abysmal defense, but is an effective offensive player in the sense that he has relatively few turnovers and he shoots the ball pretty well. Most significant--and least clutch--are Zaza Pachulia, Channing Frye then Kyle Singler. These three, led by Pachulia, turn the ball over at an anomalously high  rate, shoot 0% eFG, and are among the five worst defenders based on DefRtg.